Where Words Come From

I want to tell you something. Wait, wait, I'm searching for the right word to begin. I just can't remember it. Oh, there it is ...

We all fumble around for the right word, and once you get to a certain age, that fumbling often ends with, "Ah, another senior moment," and the secret worry that dementia is around the corner.

Researchers at Rice University in Houston have just discovered that there is a particular part of the brain that guides us when choosing words. On an MRI brain scan, the left temporal cortex and the LIGF, an area that encompasses Broca's area, which is known for speech production, light up when people are trying to choose between two words. The researchers were also able to pinpoint those two areas as the spots for word choice when testing subjects with brain damage.

Any research that informs us about language production is important because words are what make humans special.

No one knows when people began to speak, but anthropologists assume that talking came when we emerged as fully human, about 200,000 years ago. Of course, there was communication before that. All animals have ways to convey their feelings to others — dogs bark, birds sing, monkeys screech — but in most cases individuals are calling out their immediate situation. That communication is important because those calls can mean the difference between life and death. But it gets interesting when animals have something else to say besides, "Help! That eagle is going to eat me." And it's not just humans who choose the right words. Anthropologists have dragged recorded equipment into the field to figure out exactly what nonhuman primates say to each other. They recorded the animals in various social situations and then replayed the recordings to see the animals' reactions. It turns out that monkeys can identify calls from individual troop mates, that is, they "know" each others' voices, and they use this information selectively. And the grunts, calls, and screams of primates carry more information than the emotional reaction of fear or contentment. In other words, they have words, of a sort. For example, rhesus monkey mothers can tell if their kids are really in trouble. When a juvenile is being attacked by a relative, it seems, they call out in a fake-y way and mothers ignore them. But if the kid is being attacked by a non-relative, someone who really might hurt them, the mother goes running. And the kid does this using "words" alone. The words we primates choose are especially important in social interactions. Anthropologist John Mitani of the University of Michigan analyzed the shape of the male chimpanzee's classic "pant-hoot," a call that starts out with a low "huh, huh, huh" and then builds to a scream. He compared this call from two sites in Tanzania and found that males modulate their voices to sound like each other, much as we take account of the accent of another country or culture when we move around. Sounding like each other, Mitani thinks, is important to male chimps because they are tightly bonded. Males hang out together, patrol the borders of a territory together and hunt together. We don't know why exactly humans developed their word play beyond grunts and screams. But in doing so, we gained the ability to talk about more than predators and more than each other. Unlike other primates, we can choose the right words to describe a dream, or talk about our goals. We can tell a story, or write a column, if only we can find the right words.

Dragonflies: Advanced Super Flying Machines

Humans have tried a variety of ways to be able to fly. Since the first aircraft made about a hundred years ago, thousands of different models of aircraft have been designed. Countless scientists have tried to make a better flying machine until eventually they were able to make a flying machine with the latest design that amazing.

More Powerful than Helicopters


Flying is a great skill, but its usefulness depends on how far he can be controlled. Actually, to be able to cruise at fixed positions in the air or landing at the desired place is as important as the ability to fly itself.

For this reason, the human design aircraft with high maneuverability, the helicopter. Helicopter capable of flying through the air at the fixed position and take off vertically. Since the military advantage of this, many countries have provided funding for an unlimited number of helicopter development.

However, recent research has discovered facts are astonishing. Modern helicopter flight technology was very far behind compared with a tiny creature that could fly. This creature is a dragonfly.

Dragonfly flight system is a marvel of design with technology to fly a beat all man-made machine. With this reason, the design of the last model of the famous Sikorsky helicopters in the world, created using designs dragonfly as a model.

In this project, IBM helps companies with the Sikorsky design includes images of dragonflies in a particular computer. After that, by taking the example of dragonflies, thousands of illustrations created in a computer. Then, with the example of dragonflies flying technology, they invented a Sikorsky helicopter models.


In short, the body of a small insect has a superior design, human design. Technology and design of the flight dragonfly wings suggests a fact that these tiny creatures show us the stunning design in God's creation.

Dragonflies have two pairs of wings that are placed diagonally on the body, is it possible to maneuver very quickly. Dragonflies can reach speeds of fifty miles per hour in a very short time, things that are truly extraordinary for an insect. An Olympic athlete in a hundred-meter race, only able to run thirty-nine miles per hour

Natural gyroscope on the Dragonflies


There is one more requirement for a good flight. The flight is very dangerous if not supported by good vision system. For this reason, modern aircraft and helicopters have sophisticated visual system. Dragonflies also have a very sophisticated visual system: he has the eyes of the whole micro-numbered thirty thousand pieces, and each eye leads to a different point. All information from spies are relayed to the brain micro dragonfly, which then processes it like a computer. With this system, the dragonfly has a remarkable ability to see.

Dragonfly maneuverability superior to that owned the helicopter. For example, with a quick last-minute maneuver, dragonflies escaped from a truck coming from opposite directions.

Dragonfly even able to get away from double jeopardy, when he had to avoid hitting a car windshield that was speeding toward him and had to escape from a chasing birds. He managed to save himself with a clever maneuver.

One problem faced by the pilots, who often have to perform maneuvers, is that after a maneuver, the pilot had difficulty in determining the aircraft's position relative to the earth's surface. If the pilot confusion determine the position of the top and bottom of the plane after performing a maneuver, then this plane could have an accident.

The technicians have developed a tool to overcome this problem, namely the gyroscope. This tool shows a pilot on a horizontal line that indicates the position of horizon. Pilot comparing this horizontal line with the actual horizon, and thus he can quickly determine the position of the aircraft.

Over millions of years, dragonflies have used equipment similar to that developed by the technicians of this. In front of the dragonfly's eyes there is a virtual horizontal line at fixed positions. Not a problem, at any angle he flew, he was always positioned his head parallel to this horizontal line.

When the dragonfly's body position changed during the flight, the hairs in between the body and head become aroused. Nerve cells in hair follicles was sending information to the muscles of dragonflies flying about his position in the air. This allows the muscles will automatically regulate the amount and velocity of the wing. Thus, in the most difficult maneuvers, dragonflies do not ever lose direction or control. This system really is a miracle of engineering.

Here, people who have sense will think. Dragonflies do not know will be amazing system he has. Then, who put on the body of this insect flight systems that are so complex, that even an expert engineers have been using it as a model? Who is the complement of this insect with perfect wings, motors that move the wings and excellent vision system? Who is the Creator of this wonderful design?

Dragonflies: Already Made Perfect and Complete


Darwin's evolution theory, which attempts to explain the coincidences of life, unable to speak when confronted with these questions. Odds that the system in the body may be formed through the evolution of dragonflies, namely the formation stage by stage by accident.

This is because that for a living creature can live, all these systems must be present at the same time and complete. Dragonflies are also first in the world's most definitely come up with a mechanism similar to that of the dragonfly amazing today.

It has been proved by the fossil record about natural history. Fossil records show that dragonfly-dragonflies appeared on earth at the same time simultaneously. ragonfly oldest known fossils of this age of three hundred and twenty million years. In the layers of fossils earlier period, may not find anything that resembles a dragonfly. Plus, since it first emerged dragonflies, the fossil record shows that he had not undergone evolution.

The oldest fossil dragonflies really the same with dragonfly-dragonflies that live now. Between the ages of fossils hundred forty million years with a dragonfly today next to no difference at all. This fact once again proves the theory of evolution as well as errors with the actual show how dragonflies and all living creatures on this earth came into existence.

10 Ways to Keep Your Mind Sharp

We expect the prowess of our joints and lungs to slowly decline as we age, but the thought of our minds doing the same is intolerable. Here are some top prevention tips worth their weight in wits, plus a few to forget.-- Robin Nixon, Special to LiveScience

1. Do something !







Scientists are starting to think that regular aerobic exercise may be the single most important thing you can do for the long-term health of your brain. While the heart and lungs respond loudly to a sprint on the treadmill, the brain is quietly getting fitter with each step, too. For mental fitness, aim for at least 30 minutes of physical activity every other day.

2. Eat, eat, eat







Too much or too little energy throws a kink in the brain's delicate machinery. A low glycemic diet -- high fiber, with moderate amounts of fat and protein -- is broken down more slowly in the body than high glycemic foods, such as sweets and white starches. A steady pace of digestion in the gut gives a more reliable flow of energy to the brain, likely optimizing the organ's long-term health and performance.

3. Watch that diet







While overindulging can make the brain sluggish and lead to long-term detriments to your brain, too few calories can also impair brain function. Extreme dieting can cause some diehards to feel stretches of calm -- a feeling that may underlie the addiction of anorexia -- but many studies have also linked dieting with distraction, confusion and memory impairment.

4. Take care of your body








Largely preventable diseases -- such as Type II diabetes, obesity and hypertension -- all affect your brain, too. System-wide health concerns have been linked to an increased risk of cognitive decline and memory impairments. Keeping your circulatory system in working order, by, say, avoiding cigarettes and saturated fat, lessens the
onslaught of age-related damage to the brain.

5. Get your beauty rest








When we rest and dream, memories are sifted through, some discarded, others consolidated and saved. When we don't sleep, a recent study found, proteins build up on synapses, possibly making it hard to think and learn new things. Furthermore, chronically sleeping poorly (in contrast to not enough) is linked to cognitive decline in old age, although the relationship may not be causal.

6. Enjoy your coffee








Growing evidence suggests a caffeine habit may protect the brain. According to large longitudinal studies, two to four perk-me-ups a day may stave off normal cognitive decline and decrease the incidence of Alzheimer's by 30 to 60 percent. It is unclear whether the benefits come from caffeine or the antioxidants found in coffee and tea, but that latte may improve cognition this afternoon and several decades from now.

7. Eat fish







Some theories credit the introduction of fish into the human diet with the evolution of our tremendous cognitive prowess. Essential fatty acids, such as Omega 3s, are critical to brain function and are proving beneficial for treating such brain-sapping ailments as depression. Studies on the efficacy of Omega 3 supplements, however, have had mixed results, so get doses from food sources, such as flax seeds, fatty fish and grass-fed animals.

8. Chill out







Stress takes a toll on the brain by washing harmful chemicals over the hippocampus and other brain areas involved in memory. Some scientists suspect that living a balanced lifestyle and pursuing relaxing activities such as yoga, socializing and crafting may delay memory impairment by reducing stress.

9. Skip the supplements







Supplements have been getting a bad rap recently, with even the familiar multivitamin now looking like a waste of money -- or worse. Brain pills, such as ginkgo and melatonin, likely belong in the trash as well. Despite their "natural" origins, they are not free of potential side effects, such as high blood pressure, digestion trouble, fertility problems and depression. And among healthy individuals, ginkgo offers no brain benefits beyond that of a placebo. (In some cases, the placebo worked better.)

10. Tease your brain










Whether crossword puzzles, sudokus and other brain teasers actually keep your brain in shape, has not been well-established. However, lack of education is a strong predictor of cognitive decline. The more you've tried to learn, the better you'll be at mental sit-ups in old age. The key may be tackling something new; the challenge of the unknown is likely more beneficial than putting together the same jigsaw puzzle over and over again.

Hi.. Welcome to Andarinjo_O
Hmm.. Perhaps you wondering what Andarinjo is. Well... Andarinjo is dragonfly in Moluccan. So let me explain a bit about it. It is a type of insect belonging to the order Odonata, the suborder Epiprocta or, in the strict sense, the infraorder Anisoptera. It is characterized by large multifaceted eyes, two pairs of strong transparent wings, and an elongated body. Dragonflies are similar to damselflies, but the adults can be differentiated by the fact that the wings of most dragonflies are held away from, and perpendicular to, the body when at rest. Even though dragonflies possess 6 legs like any other insect, they are not capable of walking. Dragonflies are valuable predators that eat mosquitoes, and other small insects like flies, bees, ants, and butterflies. They are usually found around lakes, ponds, streams and wetlands because their larvae, known as "nymphs", are aquatic. So.. "why do you choose that kind of name or animal as your blog's icon?" that's must be your question right? when I was a child, I used to play with my friends on my village with dragonfly. I still remember it, when we played on riverbank and dragonflies flying around us, it was so many of them and it's so beautiful, you probably wont see any of these on big cities. The polution and many kinds of human activities has made it rare to be seen.